Abstract Peru has a great potential for forestry plantations, nevertheless, importations of this type of products are getting very expensive. Soils under forest are acidic and infertile to support sustainable economically valuable forest tree species such as teak. Information is lacking on proper fertility management in forest plantations such as teak. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the effect of lime, and organic and inorganic fertilizers on the early growth and nutrient composition of 12-month old teak grown on acidic soil of Peru. The soil under field study was acidic with a pH of 4.99, low in fertility. A factorial design of 2x3: Lime (No Lime and Liming) and fertilizer (organic, inorganic and mixture), with 9 repetitions was adopted. Tree biometric parameters (height, diameter, biomass) and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn foliar concentrations were determined during early the growth of teak. Treatments with addition of dolomite lime favored higher biometric parameters, and use of organic fertilizers promoted more growth than inorganic fertilizers. In the case of nutrients, no major differences were observed between limed and unlimed treatments while organic fertilizer promoted Ca, K and S nutrition. The results show that the application of lime and organic fertilizers is essential for the successful management and establishment of teak plants in acidic soils of Peru.

The terahertz (THz) absorption spectra of 4- and 5-hydroxysalicylic acid were measured by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) in the range of 0.4-2.8 THz. The unit cells of both were calculated by density functional theory (DFT), and the theoretical simulation and experimental data were basically in agreement. To further interpret the origin of the characteristic absorption peaks, vibration characteristics and interactions of the unit cell model were analyzed by using potential energy distribution (PED) and interaction region indicator (IRI) method. The analysis indicated that the absorption peaks of 4- and 5-hydroxysalicylic acid were mainly derived from the vibration mode of dihedral angle torsion, and were closely related to the hydrogen bonds. And the intermolecular weak interaction of both were mainly dominated in quantity by van der Waals interaction. The results show that this is an effective solution to identify isomers and explain the formation mechanism of characteristic absorption peaks by using THz-TDS and combining PED and IRI methods.

RESUMEN El terreno de construcción incluye el terreno urbano, las áreas residenciales rurales y otros terrenos de construcción. El distrito industrial de Wanjiang, en la ribera del río Yangtze, es un área importante para llevar a cabo la transferencia industrial en China. Con la acumulación de factores relacionados con el desarrollo económico, el terreno de construcción ha aumentado considerablemente y el patrón de seguridad ecológica regional enfrenta nuevos desafíos. Después de recopilar los datos de interpretación de imágenes del uso de la tierra por períodos múltiples del cinturón de la ciudad de Wanjiang, este trabajo estudia las características del patrón de cambio de tierra de construcción desde 1995 y su mecanismo de conducción basado en la plataforma SIG, matriz de transferencia de uso de la tierra, índice de intensidad de expansión, análisis de puntos críticos y estadísticas matemáticas. Los resultados mostraron que: (1) de 1995 a 2015, el suelo urbano y otros terrenos de construcción en el cinturón de la ciudad de Wanjiang han aumentado, pero las áreas residenciales rurales disminuyeron en 2010-2015. Los tres tipos de terreno tuvieron los mayores cambios en 2005-2010 y el cambio en la otra zona de construcción fue particularmente prominente. (2) Los puntos críticos para la expansión de la zona de construcción se encuentran principalmente en áreas urbanas con un rápido desarrollo económico como Hefei, Wuhu, Ma'anshan y Tongling, donde el uso de la tierra cambia más severamente. (3) Los factores que impulsan el cambio del área de tierra de construcción incluyen factores naturales y sociales. Entre los factores sociales y económicos, el PIB, el valor agregado industrial, el valor secundario de producción y la tasa de urbanización son las principales fuerzas impulsoras de los cambios. En los últimos 20 años, la construcción del Área de Empresas de Transferencia Industrial chinas ha cambiado la distribución óptima de la tierra y el modo de uso intensivo en la región, proporcionando la base para el desarrollo y la utilización de recursos, el desarrollo económico y el ajuste de la estructura industrial.

ABSTRACT The construction land includes urban land, rural residential areas, and other construction lands. The Wanjiang City Belt along the Yangtze River is a vital demonstration area for undertaking industrial transfer in China. With the accumulation of factors relative to economic development, the construction land has increased sharply, and the regional ecological security pattern is facing new challenges. After collecting the image interpretation data of multi-period land use of the Wanjiang City Belt, this work studies the characteristics of construction land change patterns since 1995. The driving mechanism was also analyzed based on the GIS platform, land use transfer matrix, expansion intensity index, hotspot analysis, and mathematical statistics. The results showed that: (1) From 1995 to 2015, the urban land and other construction lands in the Wanjiang City Belt have increased, but the rural residential areas decreased in 20102015. The three types of lands had the most significant changes in 2005-2010, and the other construction land was particularly prominent. (2) The hotspots for construction land expansion are mainly in urban areas with rapid economic development such as Hefei, Wuhu, Maanshan, and Tongling, where the land-use changes most severely. (3) The driving factors for the shift in construction land area include natural and social factors. Among social and economic factors, the GDP, industrial added value, secondary output value, and urbanization rate are the main driving forces for changes. In the past 20 years, the construction of China's Undertaking Industrial Transfer Demonstration Area has changed the optimal land allocation and intensive use mode in the region, providing the basis for resource development and utilization, economic development, and industrial structure adjustment.